Networks allow data exchange between linked computers. Data messages are divided into packets, which are able to navigate complex and changing networks. A router, or switch, reads packet addresses and...
Learn More

‘Exceptions’ are occurrences during the execution of a computer program that interrupt the normal program flow dictated by the instructions themselves. These include non-valid instructions, like d...
Learn More

Rapid development of superconducting quantum electronics has motivated a search for quantum-limited amplifiers for the low-noise readout of qubits and linear cavity resonators. Conventional approaches...
Learn More

The effective speed of computer processors may be increased by speculative execution in which computer instructions are executed before the data necessary for that execution are available. Speculation...
Learn More

Modern public information and transaction machines such as kiosks and automated teller machines (ATMs) frequently employ a touch screen in conjunction with a computer to provide multimedia capabilitie...
Learn More

Multicore processor technology allows a program to utilize resources efficiently by splitting into concurrently running tasks, or threads. Problems exist when these tasks access the same data. If one ...
Learn More

Quantum computers use quantum particles (e.g., electrons), called qubits, to process information, instead of bits as in classical, serial computing. Unlike bits, which exist in either the 0 or 1 state...
Learn More

Currently, most single-input, single-output (SISO) systems use a proportional, integral, derivative (PID) controller. The PID controller is simple, fast, and easily implemented on simple computing har...
Learn More

UW-Madison researchers previously described a system of analyzing malicious network traffic to automatically generate signatures that may be used by a network intrusion detection system (NIDS) to prot...
Learn More

The speed at which a computer executes its workload is constrained by the time it takes for data and instructions to be transferred from its memory to its processor. To reduce this “memory latency,�...
Learn More

To remove the substantial heat generated by today’s most powerful microprocessors, many high-performance and personal computers use liquid cooling, rather than air cooling, technology. Research indi...
Learn More

Domino logic circuit techniques have been extensively applied in modern high-performance microprocessors because of their superior speed and area characteristics as compared to static complementary me...
Learn More

Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology is commonly used in integrated circuits for microelectronics. Current is produced in semiconductor devices by using mobile charge carriers, ei...
Learn More

Today, computer processors may have dual or multiple “cores,” the processing parts of central processing unit (CPU) chips, to exploit increasing transistor density. Typically, cores are provisione...
Learn More

In modern high-performance microprocessor circuits, gates made of an oxide, such as SiO2, act as insulators. As electronic devices become increasingly miniaturized, gates are becoming smaller and may ...
Learn More