‘Exceptions’ are occurrences during the execution of a computer program that interrupt the normal program flow dictated by the instructions themselves. These include non-valid instructions, like d...
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External beam radiation therapy degrades the rapidly dividing cells of a tumor by directing high-energy radiation into the target of interest to eradicate it. The efficacy of the treatment is strongly...
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Elucidating the workings and development of the brain remains a fertile topic of investigation and one reliant on non-invasive visualization technology like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). As appl...
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Despite the growth of educational software designed to lead students through material, robotic and virtual instruction have failed to simulate the perceptive, responsive tactics of successful human te...
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ERP implementations often present challenges for distributing information in a high-performance, cost-effective manner.
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Optimizing design plans involving systems and methods for radiation therapy has been a widely researched topic. A common goal is to deliver varying doses of radiation during treatment (higher doses to...
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Increased circuit density in integrated circuits has intensified the need for higher efficiency with regards to both power and energy for high-performance and low-power multicore processors. Dynamic v...
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The effective speed of computer processors may be increased by speculative execution in which computer instructions are executed before the data necessary for that execution are available. Speculation...
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Operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows or Linux, provide one or more file systems to store and organize data. A file system stores file data on a storage device and makes the data available to t...
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Multicore processors incorporate independent cores onto an integrated circuit, which allows for faster processing by distributing portions of the parallel processing task among the different cores. Th...
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Radiopharmaceuticals are radioactive materials that “target” specific tissues to allow imaging or treatment. During radiation therapy, the radiopharmaceutical must be administered to provide a rad...
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Multi-threaded software provides multiple execution “threads” that act like independent (but cooperating) programs and can be assigned to different computer processors for parallel, and thus faste...
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In the interconnected world of computers, malicious programs such as viruses have become an omnipresent and dangerous threat.
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As computer programs execute, they pass through different phases of operation that require more or less hardware resources. If the available hardware resources are insufficient for the needs of a part...
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Most decimal dividers are for fixed-point (typically integer) decimal data. They cannot be directly applied to floating-point decimal dividers; require time-consuming and error-prone scaling when work...
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Most decimal adders add only two numbers at a time. Adding several numbers together takes a long time, because each addition requires carries to propagate.
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Currently, most single-input, single-output (SISO) systems use a proportional, integral, derivative (PID) controller. The PID controller is simple, fast, and easily implemented on simple computing har...
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The speed at which a computer executes its workload is constrained by the time it takes for data and instructions to be transferred from its memory to its processor. To reduce this “memory latency,�...
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For integrated circuits, including very large scale integration (VLSI) circuits, to work properly, the signals traveling along the gates and interconnects must be properly timed. Using classical case ...
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The fabrication of semiconductor devices involves growing thin films on wafers and patterning them. However, thin films typically exhibit intrinsic stress, which can lead to failure of electronic devi...
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Modern microprocessors integrate multiple cores onto a single chip.  Improving software performance on these multicore processors requires complex parallel programming models.  Parallelization signi...
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Although most people use decimal arithmetic when performing calculations, computer hardware usually only supports binary arithmetic. Numbers are typically input in decimal form, converted to binary fo...
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Large multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) systems are often controlled by model predictive control (MPC). One MPC strategy makes predictions of the system’s actions by using complete enumeration ...
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A computer operating system is connected to its hard drive(s) by an interface that controls recording and viewing of data to and from storage blocks on the drive. To increase efficiency, the operating...
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For integrated circuits such as very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits to work properly, signals traveling on them must arrive at their destination at the proper time. However, there are many sou...
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