Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and soot cause acid rain and smog. They are pollutants that commonly result from the burning of fuel in diesel engines. Engine conditions that reduce NOx emissions tend to increa...
Learn More

Patch clamping is a well-known technique for investigating the movement of ions and molecules through cellular membranes via ion channels. To create an extremely high-resistance ‘gigaseal’ around ...
Learn More

The induction machine is by far the most heavily used industrial motor, and ranges in size from a fraction of a horsepower to more than a megawatt. It produces torque by the electromagnetic interactio...
Learn More

Formaldehyde-based adhesives have been used to make interior plywood and particle board for decades. These synthetic adhesives, which are derived from petroleum, are inexpensive and perform well. Howe...
Learn More

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and soot are two common pollutants that result from the burning of fuel in diesel engines. Cooler engine conditions tend to reduce NOx emissions but increase soot. Due to this �...
Learn More

Load bearing structures experience stresses and/or strains that deform the material from which they are made. Regardless of a building component’s size, exposure to or tolerance for stress and strai...
Learn More

DC-DC converters are used in a variety of devices to raise or lower voltage. They are used in the power systems of hybrid and electric vehicles to boost the battery’s output voltage. In these system...
Learn More

Articulated mechanisms, such as walking robots or robotic arms, can be understood as a set of rigid links connected to each other by joints. The joints are put into motion using motors, sensors that i...
Learn More

UW–Madison researchers previously disclosed a Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) system for improving fuel efficiency and lowering emissions in compression ignition, internal combusti...
Learn More

Permanent magnet synchronous machines are one type of electrical rotating machine (i.e., motor or generator), which are common in hybrid vehicles and wind turbines. Although these machines have a high...
Learn More

Terahertz (THz) electromagnetic radiation penetrates cloth, paper and partially into the skin without the damaging effects of X-rays. Portable electronic devices capable of generating this radiation w...
Learn More

Pulsed laser polishing (PLP) helps smooth metal and other material. The technique employs lasers to irradiate a surface, melting small areas with each pulse. In these molten areas, rough surface protr...
Learn More

In ultrasonic welding, work pieces are clamped between a horn and anvil and then joined using high-frequency vibration energy. Friction and heat between the surfaces causes them to soften and meld tog...
Learn More

Approximately half of all diseases affect the function of ion channels in cell membranes. Testing the flow of ions and molecules through these membranes clearly is vital to drug discovery and research...
Learn More

Articulated mechanisms like robot arms can be understood as a set of rigid segments linked by joints. The motions of each joint are related in a type of movement chain. For example, a wrist joint may ...
Learn More

3-D printing, or rapid prototyping, makes use of additive manufacturing to produce a 3-D object. Additive manufacturing is the transformation of a virtual design into a physical object by creating suc...
Learn More

Many commonly used machines require moving and stationary parts to generate electricity. Conventional rotating electrical machines utilize magnetic fields and/or a change in inductance between moving ...
Learn More

The finite nature of fossil fuels along with rising oil prices has prompted a need for alternative fuel sources. One alternative involves the conversion of biomass materials into biofuel. But current ...
Learn More

Diesel engines, also known as compression ignition engines, are among the most energy-efficient engines available, with high power output per fuel consumption. Unfortunately, they are also among the �...
Learn More

A carburetor is used to generate the air/fuel mixture in engines by drawing air through a venturi during the intake stroke of an engine. The influx of air lowers the pressure, drawing fuel from a smal...
Learn More

Electromagnetic radiation may be generated by the acceleration or deceleration of charged particles such as electrons. Synchrotron radiation occurs when the trajectory of high-speed electrons is curve...
Learn More

Existing power machines provide the ability to capture power from a mechanically rotating source, such as a wind turbine. One example of such power machines is the synchronous motor, which contains a ...
Learn More

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) provide torque through the interaction of a magnetic field generated by one or more armature coils and one or more permanent magnetic elements. These motors ...
Learn More

Patch clamping is a well known method for measuring the flow of ions and molecules through ion channels imbedded in the cellular membrane.  The method employs micropipettes, or similar microscale ape...
Learn More

Diodes are two-terminal electrical devices that only allow electrical current to flow in one direction. Diodes are used often in electrical circuits to extract a direct current from an alternating cur...
Learn More