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218 Results for 'Clean Technology'
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Technology
Grass Modified for Easier Bioprocessing
Manufacturing paper and producing biofuels is difficult because the lignin in plant cell walls is tough to degrade. Current techniques are energy intensive and use harsh chemicals. In the case of biof...
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John Ralph, Curtis Wilkerson, Saunia Withers, John Sedbrook | P120040US02
Technology
Sustainable Process to Remediate Liquid Waste Streams
An estimated one million tons of heavy metals are discharged into sewers each year in the United States, persisting in soil and water and ultimately contaminating crops and fish. Waste streams contain...
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Sundaram Gunasekaran, Nael Yasri | P140335US02
Technology
Plasma Treatment within Dielectric Fluids
Conventional techniques for generating plasmas aren't suitable for plasma reactions in liquids such as gasoline or diesel fuels. They are inefficient and can result in significant heat and unwante...
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Ferencz Denes, Sorin Manolache | P03049US
Technology
More Efficient Water-Splitting Cells
N-type bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) has emerged as a promising photoanode for use in solar water-splitting cells given its favorable light absorption and conduction band characteristics. To date, however,...
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Kyoung-Shin Choi, Tae Woo Kim | P140325US01
Technology
Visible-Range Sunlight Drives CO2 Reduction Process for Cheaper Syngas
In a reverse water gas shift reaction, CO2 is reduced to water and carbon monoxide (CO). The CO generated by this reaction is a key component in synthesis gas, also called syngas, which can be convert...
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George Huber, Aniruddha Upadhye, Insoo Ro, Maria Isabel Tejedor-Anderson, Hyung Ju Kim | P140115US01
Technology
Coating Extends Life of Catalytic System
Biomass processing and many other industrial catalytic reactions are performed in hot, liquid conditions. These hydrothermal reactions may be carried out at elevated temperatures (e.g., 200 degrees C)...
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James Dumesic, Yomaira Pagan-Torres, Jeffrey Elam, Christopher Marshall, Joseph Libera | P140345US01
Technology
Two-Step Process Converts Lignin into Simple Aromatic Compounds
Lignin is a major component of non-edible biomass. It is a cheap byproduct of pulp and biofuel production and is one of the few naturally occurring sources of valuable aromatic compounds. Converting l...
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Shannon Stahl, Alireza Rahimi, Joshua Coon, Arne Ulbrich | P140205US01
Technology
Preparing HMF from Biomass in Polar Aprotic Solvents
HMF (5-hydroxymethyl furfural) is a highly sought renewable compound that can be used to produce bulk and value-added chemicals. Such chemicals include FDCA, which is useful in the polymer industry, a...
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James Dumesic, George Huber, Ronen Weingarten | P140138US01
Technology
One-Step Process Turns Biomass into Hydrocarbon Building Blocks
Much research has focused on transforming biomass sugars into building block molecules like hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfural. HMF and furfural are versatile substitutes for a range of chemical...
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Xuejun Pan, Li Shuai | P110018US02
Technology
Concentrated C5 and C6 Sugars from Biomass
Widespread production of sustainable fuels and chemicals will require cost-effective methods for breaking down biomass into its constituent sugars. Attaining high yields of concentrated C5 and C6 carb...
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James Dumesic, David Martin Alonso, Jeremy Luterbacher | P140075US01
Technology
Producing Linear Alpha Olefins from Biomass
Linear alpha olefins (LAOs) are valuable commodity chemicals traditionally derived from petroleum. They are versatile building blocks for making a range of chemical products like polyethylene, synthet...
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James Dumesic, Dong Wang, David Martin Alonso, Sikander Hakim | P130275US01
Technology
Powering Devices with Piezoelectric ‘Sponge’
Piezoelectric materials produce electric charge in response to mechanical stress. Such materials can be utilized as very small ‘nanogenerators’ that absorb vibrations from the environment (e.g., a...
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Xudong Wang, Ping Zhao, Yanchao Mao | P130228US01
Technology
Powerful New Enzyme for Transforming Biomass
Converting plant cellulose and hemicellulose into fermentable sugars is a major bottleneck in the biofuel industry. Chemical pretreatment and enzyme hydrolysis (breakdown) usually are required.
Amon...
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Brian Fox, Christopher Bianchetti, Taichi Takasuka | P120371US02
Technology
Environmentally Green Glue
Formaldehyde-based adhesives have been used to make interior plywood and particle board for decades. These synthetic adhesives, which are derived from petroleum, are inexpensive and perform well. Howe...
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Srinivasan Damodaran, Dani Zhu | P130276US02
Technology
Nanoporous Insulating Oxide Deionization Device for Softening and Treating Water
Capacitive deionization devices use high surface area carbon electrodes to remove ions from water. However, these systems perform poorly at removing Ca2+ and other multivalent cations, which are atoms...
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Marc Anderson, Kevin Leonard | P07104US
Technology
Phosphine Ligands Made Cheaper, Better
Enantiomers are pairs of compounds that have the same chemical formula but different spatial structures (like your left and right hand, they are non-superimposable mirror images of each other). This i...
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Jennifer Schomaker, Robert Grigg, Ryan Van Hoveln | P130268US02
Technology
Biomass-Derived HMF Using Renewable Solvents
The sugars found in biomass can be treated with solvent and converted into many important building block chemicals. One such chemical is 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), which is used to make plastic ma...
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James Dumesic, Jean Marcel Ribeiro Gallo, David Martin Alonso | P120325US01
Technology
Biodegradable Poly(Vinyl Ester) Block Copolymers and Related Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Surfactants
Common biodegradable polymers such as poly(lactide) and poly (3-hydroxyalkanaoates) are derived from relatively expensive chemical feedstocks and have low melt stability. This presents a challenge for...
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Mahesh Mahanthappa, Corinne Lipscomb, Milton Repollet-Pedrosa | P100170US02
Technology
Modified Yeast Ferments Biomass Xylose
Producing biofuel on a useful scale requires efficient fermentation of cellulosic plant material. The sugars glucose and xylose are the most abundant carbohydrates found in hemicellulose. The yeast mo...
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Trey Sato | P120307US01
Technology
Modified Yeast Show Improved Xylose Fermentation and Toxin Tolerance
Bleaching plant material with alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) is an old process used for papermaking. Several decades ago researchers suggested that this method also could be used in biofuel producti...
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Trey Sato | P130153US01
Technology
Solar Cells Track Sun
Maximizing how much sunlight strikes a solar panel is one tactic to boost efficiency. Some approaches have tried to imitate heliotropic plants by repositioning the panels to follow the sun. Unfortunat...
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Hongrui Jiang, Chensha Li, Ye Liu | P120269US01
Technology
Prolonging Solar Cell Life
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted tremendous attention because they are cheap and efficient. The DSSCs with the highest power conversion efficiency (greater than 12 percent) are based ...
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Hongrui Jiang, Xi Zhang, Xuezhen Huang | P130136US01
Technology
Selective Conversion of Lignin into Simple Aromatic Compounds
Lignin is a major component of non-edible biomass (15-30 percent by weight; 40 percent by energy). It is a cheap byproduct of pulp and biofuel production and is one of the few naturally occurring sour...
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Shannon Stahl, Alireza Rahimi | P130104US01
Technology
Extending Juvenile Stage of Plants for Biofuels and Feedstock
Juvenile and adult grass tissue dramatically differs in anatomy, chemistry and ability to withstand stresses. Juvenile plants cannot flower and their leaves are better able to resist cold and drought....
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Shawn Kaeppler, Natalia de Leon Gatti, Jillian Foerster | P120179US02
Technology
Electrodes with Low-Cost Replaceable Tips
Electrodes routinely are used in electrochemical sensing, fuel cells, batteries and numerous other applications. Critically, the surface of an electrode must be clean before sensing elements can be at...
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Sundaram Gunasekaran, Jiang Yang | P120016US02