UW-Madison researchers have developed a new EHD inkjet printing device with a groundless printhead. By separating the printhead and the substrate, the entire system can be made modular such that the printhead can be used with existing printers. This new design also enables the printer to be made much more compact. Additionally, the removal of the ground electrode allows for a more flexible substrate holder. In contrast to grounded setups where the ground electrode is used to direct the printing fluid, this groundless setup uses optimized pressure parameters with the electric field to direct the fluid. Machine learning is used to adjust the flow pressure parameters for different fluids/inks. The design also used new ring electrode structures in order to enable a high standoff distance.