Accurate monitoring of gene expression is critical to determining those patterns of expression correlating with exposure to certain drugs or toxins. By elucidating these patterns, researchers may be a...
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Microbial genome sequencing projects uncover large numbers of new genes. Functional analyses of these genes require targeted modifications of particular DNA sequences in their chromosomal locations us...
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The SCN5A gene encodes a human cardiac sodium (Na+) channel alpha subunit that carries the inward Na+ current in the heart. Three distinct polymorphic SCN5A clones, hH1, hH1a and hH1b, have been isola...
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Acyl carrier protein (ACP) is a small lipid carrier protein involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and in the solubilization of fats to make them metabolically available. The molecule is difficult to obt...
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Antioxidant response elements (AREs) are small segments of DNA that turn on a wide variety of genes in response to oxidative stress. They are of particular interest in the study of cancer treatment an...
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Epitope tagging provides an improved method of protein immunopurification. The technique involves adding a small peptide epitope to a protein of interest through recombinant DNA techniques. The recomb...
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Analysis by mass spectrometry requires that molecules first be converted to gas-phase ions. Converting small molecules into ions is straightforward; however, it was not possible to ionize large molecu...
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The gene mdm2 is a negative regulator of p53, which plays a key role in apoptosis and is important in chemotherapy. Mice with knockout mutations in mdm2 would be useful in studying this gene; however,...
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La Crosse virus is an etiologic agent for childhood encephalitis in North America. Structurally, the nucleocapsid of this virus is enclosed by a host-derived lipid envelope holding two virion glycopro...
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The human heart sodium channel beta1 subunit is a protein encoded by a single gene. It interacts with the alpha subunit to alter the functional properties of the channel.
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Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) is a glycolytic enzyme that converts glucose 1-phosphate to glucose 6-phosphate. This enzyme plays a major role in directing the flow of carbon toward either anabolic or catab...
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The ability to unambiguously mark a cell’s genotype is essential for studies in which genetically distinct cell populations must be distinguished from one another in vivo.
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The ability to unambiguously mark a cell’s genotype is essential for studies in which genetically distinct cell populations must be distinguished from one another in vivo.
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The ability to unambiguously mark a cell’s genotype is essential for studies in which genetically distinct cell populations must be distinguished from one another in vivo.
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Microorganisms adapted to grow in exceptionally harsh environments, such as hot springs and arctic soils, are a potentially vast source of novel metabolic processes, antibiotics, enzymes and other pro...
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The enzyme RNA polymerase II synthesizes precursors to mRNAs and small nuclear RNAs. Sequence analysis of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II has revealed an unusual heptapeptide repeat at the mo...
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The study of full-length cDNA clones is important for determining the structure and function of genes.
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CREB is a transcription factor that has been implicated as a critical regulator of neuronal function and survival. Knockout mice lacking CREB exhibit a disease similar to ataxia telangiectasia, a neur...
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Titin is a very large cardiac protein that determines the resting tension of the heart in rats. Isoforms of titin are generated by alternative splicing of a single titin gene. Titin in embryonic rat h...
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Cultured microorganisms produce an extraordinary array of structurally diverse and valuable organic compounds; however, microbes that can be brought into culture by standard techniques represent only ...
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Three hybrid screens are used to detect RNA-protein interactions.  A problem with three hybrid screens has been high background due to some cDNAs binding and activating transcription in the absence o...
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Biological membranes, such as cell membranes, are intrinsically impermeable to ions and polar molecules. Thus, transport of ions through biological membranes requires special channel or pump proteins ...
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Foldamers are synthetic protein oligomers with discrete and predictable folding properties akin to those of natural proteins. They provide molecular tools to investigate large-molecule interactions su...
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The gene HERG1 encodes a potassium-selective ion channel important in maintaining normal cardiac rhythm and cell growth.
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The liver detoxifies many of the drugs and toxins in blood, which poses a problem in drug development and testing because drugs are rapidly cleared from the system. In the mammalian fetus, the liver i...
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