Functionalized substrates have commercial applications ranging from biosensors to energy conversion devices such as solar cells.  Biosensors rapidly detect the presence of target biomolecules based o...
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Dielectrophoresis is a technique for gathering particles that uses an electric field to induce an electrical polarization in an uncharged object. The electrical polarization then interacts with variat...
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Several fluorescent reporter molecules, such as the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), are available as research tools to monitor gene activity and protein distribution within cells.  However, currentl...
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One of the key potassium channels in the heart is formed by the co-assembly of protein products from the KvLQT1 (KCNQ1) and minK (KCNE1) genes, which produce the slowly activating delayed rectifier po...
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Cationic lipid-mediated delivery of nucleic acids and proteins may replace virus-mediated transfection of exogenous DNA for many applications. However, current lipid-based carriers provide limited con...
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Human embryonic stem (hES) cells have the potential to provide a source of specific cell types for research and ultimately, for therapeutic transplantation into humans.
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Plasmid R6K is an antibiotic resistance plasmid of E. coli and a popular cloning vector. The R6K protein pi, which is encoded by the pir gene, plays a key role in R6K replication.
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The extensive use of neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors to treat influenza virus infections by reducing viral sialidase activity requires close monitoring for resistant variants. However, cultured cells do...
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Human embryonic stem (hES) cells are capable of self-renewal, as long as they remain undifferentiated. Culture conditions, including the medium and substrate the cells are grown in, play an important ...
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Purification of biological components, including viruses, plasmids, proteins and small molecules, typically relies on chromatography for most of the separation steps. Membrane filtration cascades prov...
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Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the most common sexually transmitted pathogens. These small DNA viruses are associated with almost all cervical cancers and about 20 percent of head and neck cancers.
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The normal growth and development of tissue requires a complex interplay of multiple signals from multiple genes in well-defined locations, leading to the controlled differentiation of precursor cells...
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Estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRalpha) is a recently discovered biomarker and treatment target for breast cancer (See WARF reference number P03031US). However, few, if any reliable monoclonal anti...
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The transmembrane protein dystroglycan is associated with autosomal recessive muscular dystrophies. Although dystroglycan is glycosylated in a tissue-specific manner, no commercial monoclonal antibodi...
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RNA polymerase, the enzyme responsible for making RNA from a DNA or RNA template, is one of the most important proteins in all life forms.
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Mass spectroscopy is a widely used technique for detecting and analyzing molecules, including biochemical entities such as amino acids, proteins, short nucleic acids, metabolites and other small molec...
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Sulfonylurea receptors (SURs) regulate the opening and closing of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP).  They play important roles in insulin secretion in the pancreas and myocardial protection in...
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The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a member of the Herpes family of viruses.  The EBV origin of plasmid synthesis, oriP, efficiently supports DNA synthesis in higher eukaryotic cells.  This origin uses...
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The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a member of the Herpes family of viruses.  The genome of this virus usually is maintained as a nuclear plasmid in the cells it infects.  A replication origin (oriP) i...
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Human embryonic stem (ES) cells are potentially capable of supplying cells and tissues for replacement of defective human tissue. However, procedures currently used to culture human ES cells involve t...
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The antibiotic vancomycin targets the peptidoglycan-containing bacterial cell wall. Inducible resistance to vancomycin and other glycopeptide antibiotics is becoming a serious health problem, necessit...
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Membrane proteins perform many crucial functions in vivo.  Physical characterization of these proteins, including the determination of three-dimensional crystal structures, could improve fundamental ...
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The green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria is an extremely useful tool in biochemistry, molecular biology and diagnostics. This protein has been used to study gene expres...
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Effective and non-destructive treatments are needed for diabetic retinopathy, a major cause of blindness in the United States. Thrombospondin1 (TSP1), a matricellular protein that inhibits angiogenesi...
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Most schemes for detecting toxins or other chemicals are based on complex electronic, photonic and/or electrochemical methods, or on more elegant biomolecular methods, such as ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Imm...
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